Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause west nile infection and yellow fever. Apr 17, 2020 dengue fever is a common tropical infection. Dengue can also resemble endemic wnv fever and fleaborne murine typhus. It can cause severe flulike symptoms and in severe cases can be fatal. Dengue virus cannot be transmitted from person to person. Dengue may be confused with zika or chikungunya infection in travelers returning from areas endemic for or experiencing outbreaks of those viruses. Dengue or dengue fever is a disease spread to humans by mosquito bites, and is caused by one of four types of dengue viruses. Dengue virus is prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics. Severe dengue is a more serious form of disease that can result in shock, internal bleeding, and even death.
Your doctor may recommend that you drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration from vomiting and a high fever. Blood samples from persons suspected to have dengue fever were sent to the state public health laboratories for testing. The spread of the disease has been exacerbated by falling vaccination levels in certain areas, and by a growing population of mosquitoes, which are the primary. Classic dengue fever is primarily a disease of older children and adults.
It is caused by a bite from mosquitoes carrying dengue virus. After an absence of 56 years, dengue fever has reemerged in us states such as texas and hawaii. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever centers for disease. Martin county dengue outbreak and serosurvey martin. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropodborne viral disease in the world. If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Jan 27, 2016 introduction dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. Towns in north and central queensland that have aedes aegypti are prone to outbreaks of dengue. Dengue fever is an acute viral infection characterized by fever. The 20192020 dengue fever epidemic is an epidemic of the infectious disease dengue fever in several countries of southeast asia, including the philippines, malaysia, vietnam, and bangladesh, pakistan, thailand, singapore, and laos. The first clinical report of dengue fever was in 1789 by b.
Although most cases are asymptomatic, severe illness and death may occur. Pdf dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock and, in some cases, death. Fever should be controlled with acetaminophen and tepid sponge baths. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles.
In recent years dengue fever df has become a major international health. Dengue and severe dengue world health organization. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Aug 19, 2019 the pan american health organization is warning against a deadly spike in dengue fever in latin america and the caribbean, and is calling on communities to eliminate mosquito breeding sites to. Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and is caused by one of four dengue viruses. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. The health protection agency reported 406 cases of dengue fever in england, wales, and northern ireland in 2010, compared with 166 in 2009. However, a severe form of the disease called dengue hemorrhagic fever dh or dengue shock syndrome dss, proven to be fatal. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause. Dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue shock syndrome may resemble bacterial sepsis, e. Health and human services agency division of communicable disease control dengue fact sheet what is dengue.
While recovering from dengue fever, watch for signs and symptoms of dehydration. Feb 16, 2018 no specific treatment for dengue fever exists. Dengue fever is a viral disease spread only by certain mosquitoes mostly aedes aegypti or dengue mosquitoes, which are common in tropical areas around the world. The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue endemic areas. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. An estimated 400 million dengue infections occur worldwide each year. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc considers dengue fever to cause the majority of acute febrile illnesses in travelers returning to the u. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses.
Dengue fever nord national organization for rare disorders. It is widespread across asia, the pacific, central and southern america and africa where these mosquitoes exist. It is transmitted by mosquitoes mainly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Symptoms of dengue fever infection usually begin 47 days after the infectious mosquito bite and typically last 310 days. Severe dengue, including dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, is characterized by severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums dengue is a mosquitoborne flavivirus found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mostly in urban and semiurban settings. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. As the outbreaks of dengue fever increasing in india, one state after other getting affected, it is very essential to know more about this disease and prevalence, any change in the viral strain. Laboratory confirmation can be made from a single acutephase serum specimen obtained early. Dengue fever outbreak hits latin america and caribbean region.
Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Infants and pregnant women are at increased risk for developing severe dengue. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Laboratory diagnosis of suspected dengue specimens involves using serological tests starting five days after illness onset to measure antibody response.
Dengue virus infection in humans causes a spectrum of ill ness ranging from inapparent or mild febrile illness to severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease 1. First fdaapproved vaccine for the prevention of dengue. Dengue infection causes dengue fever that is not life threatening. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. It is caused by the 4 serotype of dengue virus and is transmitted with in human through female aedes mosquito. Mar 02, 2020 dengue is a mosquitoborne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions of who in recent years. Since then, multiple dengue virus serotypes have become endemic in most countries of tropical. In some cases it leads to dengue haemorrhagic fever, also known as severe dengue, which affects the bodys vascular system how blood moves through the body. Dengue viral infections postgraduate medical journal.
Sep 15, 2015 all cases of dengue fever in the united kingdom have been acquired as a result of travel to endemic areas. It can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. Infection with the dengue virus can cause severe flulike symptoms. Dengue fever is estimated by the world health organization who to cause about 50100 million infections per year worldwide. Dengue fever symptoms, causes, contagious, rash, prevention. Summary dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. Call your doctor right away if you develop any of the following.
As the disease spreads to new geographical areas, the frequency of the outbreaks is increasing. Sy mptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by some types of mosquitoes. South pacific south central asia caribbean central and south america africa dengue fever happens most often in urban areas. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock.
Towns in north and central queensland that have aedes aegypti are prone to outbreaks of dengue when the virus is brought in by travellers. Dengue is transmitted principally by aedes aegypti yellow fever mosquito and aedes albopictus asian tiger mosquito. There have been multiple epidemics of dengue fever in the us in the 18th to early 20th centuries. It is also known as breakbone fever due to the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, dandy fever, or sevenday fever because of the usual duration of symptoms. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. Department of health and human services centers for. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Training developed by the centers for disease control and prevention cdc for physicians was. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a. One dengue fever vaccine, dengvaxia, is currently approved for use in those ages 9 to 45 who live in areas with a high incidence of dengue fever. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc.
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever pubmed central pmc. National notifiable diseases surveillance system nndss note. Because dengue is a nationally notifiable disease, all suspected cases should be reported to the state or local health department. It is caused by any of the 4 serotypes of dengue virus and is transmitted within humans through female aedes mosquitoes. For those who develop severe dengue, close observation and frequent monitoring in an intensive care unit may be required. Dengue outbreaks occur each year in north queensland following cases imported from overseas. Once you are infected with one of the dengue viruses, you will develop immunity to that.
Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times. There is no vaccine or medication that protects against dengue fever. Fda approves first vaccine for prevention of dengue disease in people ages 916 who have laboratoryconfirmed previous dengue infection and live in endemic areas, such as the u. Febrile patients should avoid mosquito bites to reduce risk of further transmission. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. The presence of fever, rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue fever. Rush, although the chinese may have described the disease associated with flying insects as early as 420 ad.
Symptoms of the disease symptoms depend upon the type of dengue fever. While uncomplicated dengue is not a severe disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf leads to. It is characterized by the sudden onset of fever and a variety of nonspecific signs and symptoms, including frontal headache, retroorbital pain, body aches, nausea and vomiting, joint pains, weakness, and rash 1, 71, 1, 6, 149. The disease is often diagnosed incorrectly because the symptoms are similar to influenza and other viruses. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy, and rash. Dengue virus disease dengue fever, or dengue is a viral disease spread by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical parts of the world including africa, asia, south america and occasionally, some parts of northern queensland. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, ae. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops. You are more likely to develop severe dengue if you have had a dengue infection before.
Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a rare but more severe form of dengue infection that can be fatal if not recognized and treated with supportive care.
With symptomatic dengue infection, the principal symptoms are high fever, severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, joint pain, muscle and bone pain, rash, mild bleeding e. Who department of control neglected tropical diseases, the who department of. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue hemorrhagic fever, which causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin. Feb 06, 2020 if severe, dengue fever can damage the lungs, liver or heart. Yellow fever yf vaccination does not increase dengue severity. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur when someone is bitten by a mosquito or exposed to blood infected with the dengue virus. Dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Dengue fever is a viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes.
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever clinical microbiology. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. The clinical picture and the pathogenesis of the severe disease are. We describe the virus characteristics and risk factors for dengue and dhf, and compare incidence and the case fatality rates in endemic regions southeast asia, western pacific, and the americas. Indeed, there is good evidence that infection by a second dengue virus increases the risk of more serious disease resulting in dhf. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world, particularly sub. Dengue fev er is a mosquitoborne tropi cal dise ase caused b y the d engue v irus. Dengue fever df is common mosquito born disease caused by dengue virus 1. The primary form of dengue fever is characterized by a skin rash and a high fever with severe pain in the head and muscles. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4. These mosquitoes are not native to california, but infestations have been identified in multiple counties in california pdf. Dengue viruses are stable in dried blood and exudates up to several days at room temperature. Dengue fever vaccine, symptoms, treatment, prevention. Dengue fever is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas.
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